Background
Eutrophication of lakes results from excessive increase in nutrient concentrations, often phosphorus. Eutrophication weakens the ecological status of lakes, threatens the species dependent on lakes, and also reduces the recreational value aquatic ecosystem services. In the long term, measures aimed at reducing external loading are essential to combat eutrophication, as they reduce the amount of phosphorus that accumulates in the lakes. In most of the eutrophied lakes, however, measures are also needed to reduce the internal loading, i.e., the release of nutrients from the sediment.
Many lake restoration methods aimed at combating internal loading aim to prevent the release of phosphorus from the sediment. However, internal loading is a natural cleaning process of lakes. Hence, its prevention often does not produce long-term results in reducing nutrient concentrations. Instead, methods aimed at removing nutrients could offer a solution in the longer term. Closed-circuit hypolimnetic withdrawal is an innovative method suitable for stratifying lakes. The method exploits the internal phosphorus loading and aims to remove nutrients in the hypolimnetic water during stratification. The method has been piloted with promising results on Lake Kymijärvi, SE Finland since 2018. Recovering nutrients: Feasibility of closed-circuit hypolimnetic withdrawal (RaPo) -project further develops the method piloted on Lake Kymijärvi.
Objectives and outputs
The aim of RaPo -project was to advance the replicability of closed-circuit hypolimnetic withdrawal method by piloting and monitoring the impacts at a new lake site (Lake Linkullasjön, southern Finland). As a result, the project provided new information on the applicability of closed-circuit hypolimnetic withdrawal as a more commonly used restoration method for stratifying lakes.
Based on results gained in the project, a methodological guide (in Finnish) was produced in order to promote and expand the feasibility of closed-circuit hypolimnetic withdrawal as one of the methods for lake restoration.
Additional information
Senior research scientist Laura Härkönen, Finnish Environment Institute (Syke), firstname.lastname@syke.fi
Docent Leena Nurminen, University of Helsinki, firstname.lastname@helsinki.fi